Educational Module 101

Solar Eclipses

A syzygy occurs when the Moon aligns precisely between the Sun and Earth, casting a shadow on our planet. This celestial mechanics phenomenon offers a rare glimpse into the solar atmosphere.

Classification

Total Eclipse

The Moon completely obscures the solar disk, revealing the tenuous solar corona.

DurationMax 7m 31s
FrequencyEvery ~18 months

Annular Eclipse

Occurs near lunar apogee. The Moon appears smaller than the Sun, creating a 'Ring of Fire'.

DurationMax 12m 30s
FrequencyEvery 1-2 years

Partial Eclipse

The penumbral shadow passes over the observer. The Sun looks like a crescent.

DurationUp to 4 hours
Frequency2-5 times/year

Hybrid Eclipse

A rare phenomenon that shifts between annular and total along its path.

DurationVariable
Frequency~4% of all eclipses

Chronological Sequence

C1

First Contact

The Moon's limb first touches the solar disk. Partial phase begins.

C2

Second Contact

The moment totality begins. Baily's Beads and Diamond Ring effect visible.

MAX

Maximum Eclipse

The mid-point of totality. The Solar Corona is fully visible.

C3

Third Contact

Totality ends. The first ray of photosphere emerges (Diamond Ring).

C4

Fourth Contact

The Moon completely leaves the solar disk. Eclipse event concludes.

Safety Protocols

Warning: Optical Hazard

Failure to follow protocols may result in permanent vision loss.

Direct solar viewing causes permanent retinal damage.
Filters must meet ISO 12312-2 international standard.
Cameras and telescopes require front-mounted aperture filters.
Sunglasses, even polarized ones, offer NO protection.
Ref: ISO 12312-2:2015

Forecast

DateTypeVisibilityIran Visibility
Aug 2026TotalSpain, Iceland
Feb 2027AnnularChile, Argentina
July 2028TotalAustralia, NZ
June 2030AnnularEurope, Asia